On the Texas Ballot This November

September 22, 2025 – On November 4, Texas voters will head to the polls to decide the fate of 17 constitutional amendments, appearing as statewide propositions at the top of the ballot. Among the most closely watched measures are proposals tied to billions of dollars in property tax cuts for both homeowners and businesses.

Earlier this year, the Texas Legislature approved the package with a two-thirds majority, authorizing the amendments to appear before voters. The Legislature also passed the state’s two-year budget, which allocates $51 billion specifically for property tax relief.

The funding comes largely from recent budget surpluses, driven by inflation and temporary federal COVID-19 stimulus dollars. Lawmakers have increasingly turned to these surpluses in recent years to finance major tax relief efforts.

Supporters of the measures, including Governor Greg Abbott, argue the tax cuts will strengthen Texas’ reputation as a business-friendly, competitive state, encouraging investment and long-term economic growth. Abbott and other proponents also stress that lowering property tax burdens directly benefits homeowners while creating a more attractive environment for employers.

Voter approval is the final step in the process, and November’s outcome will determine whether these tax cuts and other amendments become part of the Texas Constitution. For Texans, the election represents not only a decision on property taxes, but also a broader choice about how the state leverages its surpluses and shapes its fiscal future.

On November 4, Texans will decide on 17 constitutional amendments, each presented as a statewide proposition. These amendments range from tax relief measures to funding priorities and constitutional clarifications.

• Proposition 1 (SJR 59): Funding for Texas State Technical College.
• Proposition 2 (SJR 18): Ban on a state capital gains tax.
• Proposition 3 (SJR 5): Bail reform.
• Proposition 4 (HJR 7): Water infrastructure funding.
• Proposition 5 (HJR 99): Tax exemption on animal feed.
• Proposition 6 (HJR 4): Ban on a state securities tax.
• Proposition 7 (HJR 133): Tax exemption for surviving spouses of veterans.
• Proposition 8 (HJR 2): Ban on an inheritance tax.
• Proposition 9 (HJR 1): Inventory and equipment tax exemption.
• Proposition 10 (SJR 84): Property tax exemption for homes destroyed by fire.
• Proposition 11 (SJR 85): School tax exemption for elderly or disabled homeowners.
• Proposition 12 (SJR 27): Changes to the State Judicial Conduct Commission.
• Proposition 13 (SJR 2): Increased school tax exemption for homeowners.
• Proposition 14 (SJR 3): Funding for dementia research and prevention.
• Proposition 15 (SJR 34): Codifying parental rights.
• Proposition 16 (SJR 37): Clarifying citizenship requirement for voters.
• Proposition 17 (HJR 34): Property tax exemption for border security infrastructure.

Together, these propositions reflect Texas lawmakers’ focus on property tax relief, infrastructure investments, and constitutional safeguards. Voter approval will determine whether these measures take effect.

Ballot Language for the November 4, 2025
Constitutional Amendment Election

Proposition 1 – SJR 59 – “The constitutional amendment providing for the creation of the permanent technical institution infrastructure fund and the available workforce education fund to support the capital needs of educational programs offered by the Texas State Technical College System.”
Proposition 2 – SJR 18 – “The constitutional amendment prohibiting the imposition of a tax on the realized or unrealized capital gains of an individual, family, estate, or trust.”
Proposition 3 – SJR 5 – “The constitutional amendment requiring the denial of bail under certain circumstances to persons accused of certain offenses punishable as a felony.”
Proposition 4 – HJR 7 – “The constitutional amendment to dedicate a portion of the revenue derived from state sales and use taxes to the Texas water fund and to provide for the allocation and use of that revenue.”
Proposition 5 – HJR 99 – “The constitutional amendment authorizing the legislature to exempt from ad valorem taxation tangible personal property consisting of animal feed held by the owner of the property for sale at retail.”
Proposition 6 – HJR 4 – “The constitutional amendment prohibiting the legislature from enacting a law imposing an occupation tax on certain entities that enter into transactions conveying securities or imposing a tax on certain securities transactions.”
Proposition 7 – HJR 133 – “The constitutional amendment authorizing the legislature to provide for an exemption from ad valorem taxation of all or part of the market value of the residence homestead of the surviving spouse of a veteran who died as a result of a condition or disease that is presumed under federal law to have been service-connected.”
Proposition 8 – HJR 2 – “The constitutional amendment to prohibit the legislature from imposing death taxes applicable to a decedent’s property or the transfer of an estate, inheritance, legacy, succession, or gift.”
Proposition 9 – HJR 1 – “The constitutional amendment to authorize the legislature to exempt from ad valorem taxation a portion of the market value of tangible personal property a person owns that is held or used for the production of income.”
Proposition 10 – SJR 84 – “The constitutional amendment to authorize the legislature to provide for a temporary exemption from ad valorem taxation of the appraised value of an improvement to a residence
homestead that is completely destroyed by a fire.”
Proposition 11 – SJR 85 – “The constitutional amendment authorizing the legislature to increase the amount of the exemption from ad valorem taxation by a school district of the market value of the residence homestead of a person who is elderly or disabled.”
Proposition 12 – SJR 27 – “The constitutional amendment regarding the membership of the State Commission on Judicial Conduct, the membership of the tribunal to review the commission’s recommendations, and the authority of the commission, the tribunal, and the Texas Supreme Court to more effectively sanction judges and justices for judicial misconduct.”
Proposition 13 – SJR 2 – “The constitutional amendment to increase the amount of the exemption of residence homesteads from ad valorem taxation by a school district from $100,000 to $140,000.”
Proposition 14 – SJR 3 – “The constitutional amendment providing for the establishment of the Dementia Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, establishing the Dementia Prevention and Research Fund to provide money for research on and prevention and treatment of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease,
Parkinson’s disease, and related disorders in this state, and transferring to that fund $3 billion from state general revenue.”
Proposition 15 – SJR 34 – “The constitutional amendment affirming that parents are the primary decision makers for their children.”
Proposition 16 – SJR 37 – “The constitutional amendment clarifying that a voter must be a United States citizen.”
Proposition 17 – HJR 34 – “The constitutional amendment to authorize the legislature to provide for an exemption from ad valorem taxation of the amount of the market value of real property located in a county that borders the United Mexican States that arises from the installation or construction on the
property of border security infrastructure and related improvements.